Industry News
by Andrew Smart on August 13, 2018
TransPerfect wasted no time in moving its corporate domicile from Delaware to Nevada once the deadline for Co-founder Liz Elting to file an appeal with the U.S. Supreme Court passed on August 1, 2018, without incident.
The move puts closure and distance between the world’s largest language service provider (LSP) and the Delaware Court of Chancery, which had appointed Custodian Robert Pincus to auction the company.
TransPerfect Co-founder Phil Shawe eventually won the competitive auction process and completed the buyout in May 2018, enabling the company to restart acquisitions and relocate to Nevada.
Expensive Litigation
For four years beginning 2014, the legal battles for control of TransPerfect were amongst the most acrimonious seen in American corporate history. While Shawe declined to comment on the legal and custodian costs for this story, Crain’s reported that USD 250m in legal fees were spent by all parties on at least 20 lawsuits involving 30 law firms.
The Court of Chancery in Delaware, where TransPerfect was domiciled, would take center stage in these battles. In June 2016, it ruled that the company would be sold in an auction in which Shawe would be forced to participate while he contested its legality at the same time.
The auction began with 97 potential participants, ran four bidding rounds and ended with Shawe securing the bid for USD 770m in a neck-and-neck finish with H.I.G. Capital, the private equity owner of Lionbridge.
In an email statement to Slator in May 2018, Shawe said “Personally, I feel both pleased and vindicated to have won the auction and to now be in a position to ensure that TransPerfect’s successful business model will be maintained into the foreseeable future.”
Debt Financing
Shawe purchased all of Elting’s shares for USD 385m in cash, yielding her about USD 287m in after-tax net proceeds. “TransPerfect and I used Owl Rock’s debt financing to buy out my former partner,” Shawe confirmed to Slator for this story. He declined to provide the type and amount of debt raised.
Shawe added that “Property rights advocates should perhaps be happy to know that TransPerfect’s third shareholder, Shirley Shawe, was, in the end, able to keep her (1%) stake in the company – private property which she feared could have been taken by the government, against her will, and sold to a third-party – a litigation outcome unprecedented in U.S. history for a private, profitable firm.”
With the purchase approved by the Delaware Supreme Court and completed in May 2018, Liz Elting had until August 1, 2018 to file an appeal with the United States Supreme Court. The deadline passed and TransPerfect wasted no time moving its corporate domicile to Nevada.
TransPerfect’s Dexit
Shawe confirmed to Slator that “as of August 6th, our parent company, TransPerfect Global, Inc. and all seven of its operating subsidiaries which were domiciled in Delaware, have moved to Nevada.” The move has been called “Dexit” by insiders.
“For years, most companies – including ours – considered Delaware the default option for incorporation” Shawe told Slator. “But times and circumstances have changed and other states, Nevada chiefly among them, now represent a compelling alternative.”
He added that “Nevada has a reputation for low taxes, privacy, lower litigation costs, a rational and predictable judiciary, as well as for protecting officers, directors, managers, employees and stockholders. It is an extremely business friendly locale.”
A Return to M&A
TransPerfect has emerged as a formidable player in the language industry, with revenues up 12% to USD 615m in 2017. Even more remarkably, the company managed to organically grow revenue by nearly 20% to USD 337m in the first half of 2018.
The growth, according to Shawe, is broad based across “every industry vertical we service. We’re also seeing significant growth in both our services and technology revenue streams. Geographically, it’s the same story, the Americas, Europe, and Asia are all up compared to last year.”
“If we had an extremely compelling use of funds, we’d raise the capital necessary, either in the private or public markets”
When asked if M&A would also be part of its growth strategy going forward, Shawe replied “Yes. We are looking for M&A candidates in the services space (…). In the technology space, we are looking for strategic software purchases that would fit well in our existing technology stack.”
Less certain is whether TransPerfect will go public and use its shares as a source of capital in acquisitions as RWS, Keywords Studios and SDL have done.
“We’re more apt to view ‘going public’ as we would any other means of raising capital” said Shawe. “If we had an extremely compelling use of funds, we’d raise the capital necessary, either in the private or public markets.”
Delaware’s economy is in crisis. For over a year now, I have been screaming from the rooftops about a dangerous situation that could push this mess into a statewide economic abyss affecting every person in Delaware. This is of course, the result of Delaware’s Chancellor Andre Bouchard transforming our cherished and once revered institution, Delaware’s Chancery Court, into what I and countless others, now equate to a third-world Kangaroo Court, where decisions with massive implications for thousands of victims are made capriciously and arbitrarily. Indeed, with 4,000 employees and offices in 30 countries all affected, the damage to Delaware from Bouchard’s whimsical decisions in the TransPerfect case, has now come home to roost. Over 1/3 of Delaware’s income comes from companies choosing to incorporate here. Bouchard’s questionable, legal actions have contributed to Delaware’s drastic drop from #1 to #11 in a business confidence survey by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. The catalyst for the downward spiral? You guessed it: “Judicial Impartiality of Courts” — Bouchard’s TransPerfect decision took us from #2 to #15 in this critical catagory, and no one is willing to take him on — except for yours truly. I will take him on until I see these TransPerfect families safe, and Delaware’s economy resurrected from this crisis. Famous constitutional scholar and law professor Alan Dershowitz has now come out with guns blazing on the right side of this issue. Before this, Dershowitz has been quoted publicly as saying: “Anyone who advises their client to incorporate in Delaware is tantamount to business malpractice.” Think it could not get any worse? Think again! See the article below released yesterday in Forbes! We’re not talking about the Delaware News Journal now, we’re talking national coverage of Delaware’s local disgrace. Court corruption is a problem as I see it. Another thing that spurs me to action is the apparent disregard by many establishment legislators to understand their job is to make laws that protect and help people and businesses that respect separation of powers, and provide for the checks and balances required by the Constitution. “Absolute power corrupts absolutely” and the Chancery Court’s Chief Chancellor, Andre Bouchard, is just too powerful and too rogue to be the answer for a state in an extreme economic crisis. SB-53, sponsored by Senator Colin Bonini, is part of the answer, and should have been passed in this last legislative session. Once this rigged auction process takes place, and these American jobs are lost forever, I predict the Delaware economy will be in irreparable ruin, as corporations cease incorporating here. Then, all these legislators can do is look back and say: “Sorry, we should have acted with the leadership our constituents expected, when they voted ‘us’ in as lawmakers.” Certain Republican Senators who should have been 100% behind Bonini are blinded by the illegitimate status quo in Delaware. These people are jaded beyond redemption, are without vision, and absolutely need to be replaced.
Alan M. Dershowitz is Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law, Emeritus, at Harvard Law School. He represents Shirley Shawe.
Delaware’s sophisticated courts have made it a mecca for incorporation. But a recent ruling could set a dangerous precedent. (Photo credit: Shutterstock)
American corporations count on securing justice in Delaware. Two-thirds of all publicly-traded U.S. companies, including more than 60% of the Fortune 500, are incorporated in the First State. Delaware’s famously sophisticated courts are prized for giving corporations and their shareholders maximum flexibility and predictability.
However, a recent ruling by the Delaware Chancery Court, upheld on appeal by the Delaware Supreme Court, could set a new and dangerously disruptive precedent that corporate America ought to view with concern. Bear in mind that Delaware decisions have worldwide implications, as well, since nearly all major U.S.-based corporations sell products, run offices and employ people internationally.
For the first time ever, the Court of Chancery, the no-jury “business court,” has ordered the forced sale of a privately-held, thriving corporation over the strenuous objections of shareholders who own half of the company.
The company in question is TransPerfect Global (TPG), parent of the world’s second largest provider of translation and related technical services, with 2016 revenues of $545 million and pretax profits of approximately $80 million.
Philip Shawe and Elizabeth Elting co-founded the business in 1992 when, both in their 20s, they were romantically involved and shared a dorm room at New York University’s Stern School of Business. Working as co-CEOs, they built TransPerfect into an enterprise with 4,000 full-time employees and a network of more than 20,000 translators, editors and proofreaders working in 170 languages.
Ms. Elting owns 50% of TPG’s 100 shares. Mr. Shawe owns 49 shares and his mother, Shirley Shawe, owns one share. Unfortunately, the co-founders now no longer get along. Their disagreement over the TransPerfect business is what landed them in Delaware Chancery Court, which has not solved the problem, but exacerbated it. Delaware’s mishandling of the case has cost the company more than $150 million in court costs and litigation expenses and mounting. Remarkably, through these three years of legal turmoil, TransPerfect has continued to set new records for sales and earnings. The company has logged an astonishing 97 consecutive quarters of profitability and 25 straight years of growth.
I was retained by Shirley Shawe to argue that this forced sale is an unconstitutional “taking” of private property for a non-public purpose.
In the meantime, the Delaware court cannot seem to wait until the case is finally decided – it is currently in federal court and on its way to the U.S. Supreme Court. Under the court-appointed custodian, auction bids have already been solicited and submitted. Notwithstanding employee protests and outrage, the custodian has plowed ahead, hoping to render the result a fait accompli, without regard to new circumstances and new opportunities to resolve the case. The forced sale is a death sentence on a thriving company; we are seeking a stay of execution.
I will save most of our constitutional points for the courtroom. I note only that neither court could point to any public purpose that would result from the forced sale of a vibrantly successful company. Property takings, to pass constitutional muster, must serve a public good. Delaware’s unprecedented actions in the TransPerfect case do not even make a gesture in that direction.
The court ruled instead that the Shawes and Ms. Elting were “hopelessly deadlocked”; if the current situation were allowed to continue, it would jeopardize the viability of the company. This, despite the company’s impressive record of achieving 97 consecutive quarters of profitable growth – a trend that would likely continue in the absence of the court ordered sale.
The Chancery Court’s articulated twin goals – to “protect TransPerfect’s employees” and “to provide maximum return to the stockholders” – are at odds with its rulings. The company runs on a zero-debt basis and reinvests most of its profits in the business. This is a formula for growth, job creation, and innovation, though not for maximizing shareholder value in the short term. An auction winner – most probably a private equity firm – would be unlikely to take the same approach. Its goal would be to cash out within a few years rather than continue building something over decades. Its ability to outbid the Shawes would rely on cutting costs by sending American jobs offshore.
TransPerfect’s clean balance sheet is a perfect launching pad for a leveraged buyout (LBO), in which the investor puts down as little as possible of the purchase price and borrows the rest. The way to cover the resulting debt service is to slash payroll and benefits by replacing as many of the 2,300 salaried America jobs as possible with workers in low-cost foreign locations. This would erode the company’s reputation and competitive position over time. But in the Wall Street LBO universe, the goal of private equity firms is to manage the business in order to “flip” it in a few years so as to maximize short-term profits.
Mr. Shawe has proposed two common-sense ways of ending the dispute while preserving the long-term interests of employees and the company: He and his mother have put forward a settlement offer of $300 million for their 50 percent stake and given Ms. Elting the option to either buy the Shawes’ shares or sell them hers at that price. Ms. Elting rejected the offer.
More recently, Mr. Shawe turned the offer around, suggesting that Ms. Elting name her price and let Mr. Shawe decide whether to buy or sell. Ms. Elting has not responded to that offer. Mr. Shawe’s buy/sell option is simple, transparent, and fair. Alas, Delaware thinks it knows better. If Ms. Elting wants to cash out, the Chancery Court has said “it would be unjust to leave [her] with no recourse but to sell her 50-percent interest” to the Shawes. Forcing the Shawes into an auction, the court concluded, is the only way to provide Ms. Elting with “a fair price for her shares.”
That fair price, in the court’s view, is one based on selling the entire company, with a premium for control that wouldn’t be there if only 50 percent were on the market. Ms. Elting never negotiated for that premium and isn’t entitled to it. What comes through in the Chancery Court’s order and the Delaware Supreme Court’s decision upholding it is that a maximum return for one shareholder trumps other shareholders’ private property rights, regardless of the ultimate implications for the corporation and its employees.
The ruling in Shawe v. Elting leaves a huge question mark over Delaware’s supremacy as America’s capital of incorporation. Unless this situation is remedied by legislation, corporations will have to think twice about where they should incorporate, if they want predictability, fairness and justice. Alan M. Dershowitz is Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law, Emeritus, at Harvard Law School and represents Shirley Shawe in this case. Follow Dershowitz on Twitter @AlanDersh and on Facebook @AlanMDershowitz.